Tetanus Definition, Sign and Symptoms

Tetanus is a serious bacterial infection and is also called "Jaw Jaw" which leads to stiffness in the muscles of the jaw and other muscles. 

 Tetanus Definition :

It can cause contractions And muscle cramps, resulting in the end of the difficulty breathing and then put an end to the life of the person and death. All types of wounds, even if simple, lead to infection with tetanus (normal wound - cut - deep wound). 

 

The bacteria that infect it are known as the "ClotriDium Tetani" and are always found in soil as well as many other sources. The wound, in the absence of oxygen, produces toxins that permeate the nerves and then control and control the muscles. 

Tetanus treatment is available and available but is long-term and not successful and leads to death in most cases despite treatment.

Signs and symptoms:

- Tissue in the jaw, neck and other muscles.
- painful contractions of the muscles.
- excitement and excitement.
- Spasm of the muscles of the jaw and neck.
Some people may experience pain, numbness, and some muscle strain In the areas surrounding the wound, but if the poison spread and reached the nerves that control the muscles occurs stiffness in the jaw and neck and difficulty swallowing. 

We find that the muscles of the jaw and face are one of the most muscle affected by these convulsions is referred to as Tetanus "closed jaw disease." 

These are then transferred from the muscles of the face or jaw to the rest of the muscles of the body: neck - abdomen - and the last stage in this disease affected the muscles of the respiratory system causing difficulty breathing and cannot sleep. Symptoms of the disease appear within days of several weeks of exposure to the wound, and the incubation period of 8 - 12 days.

Causes:

- This disease is caused by bacteria named as "ClostriDium Tetani", which is commonly found in the soil and in the faeces of animals, cats and dogs, and activates these bacteria in the absence or lack of oxygen so the chances of the spread of these bacteria in wounds 

 

The deep human body is great. (Tetanos Pasmin), which works in different areas of the nervous system, causing stiffness and contractions of muscles through the affected nerves, and these are the most important symptoms of tetanus.

When should I seek medical advice? 
- Use your doctor to get booster doses of tetanus vaccination if the wound is deep, or if you have not taken active doses for five years.
- or to take an active dose of any wound, even if it is simple if you did not take an active dose ten years ago. 

Taking these stimulant doses helps to equalize the toxin produced by this disease and it avoids the long-term difficulty of treatment, which is not useful in most cases.

Diagnosis :

- Diagnoses the doctor of this disease through physical examination, and through the symptoms of muscle contraction and stiffness and pain.
- Laboratory tests are not used in the diagnosis process.

Treatment: The

picture of infection is sometimes mild, and the infection is limited to one part of the human body if the person vaccinated himself with partial vaccination and can be cured in this case without any type of treatment. 

But this mild type is not common but the sharp images of it are scattered and not treated and spread quickly in all muscles of the body and eventually lead to death.

The treatment is done in the following ways:
- The use of antibodies (Antibody).
Antitoxin use for antitoxins can only equate to a toxin that does not mix or permeate nerve tissue .
- Inoculation (Human Tetanus Immunoglobin).
- antibiotics by mouth or injection.
This disease requires a long period of treatment in the intensive care unit. The main purpose of the drugs is to calm the patient and paralyze the muscles. 

 

Therefore, it is necessary to use a respirator, and the duration of the respiratory system is 2 - 3 weeks for some cases. The disease may result from death due to airway shrinkage, pneumonia, The nervous system The device is part of the nervous system, which controls the muscles of the heart, and other muscles that are not controlled by the movement of the movement of the side of the glands. 

If cured, the disease leaves traces of the person associated with life span such as: abnormalities in the nervous system, and the emergence of some psychological problems that also need treatment.

Prevention: 

You can very easily avoid this disease by taking preventive vaccination, because the disease affects people who did not take preventive vaccinations or doses of stimulant over ten years. Tetanus toxin is given to children under diphtheria and pertussis (DTP) vaccination .

Adults need to take an active dose of tetanus every 10 years, and when traveling also have to take stimulant doses. If the injury was a wound and the last dose was over five years must be taken with an active dose following the instructions for the methods of vaccination is correct because injecting the infection does not provide the body immunity only. When you have a wound, you can follow the following steps to avoid it until you take the active dose: 

1. Stop bleeding:

The wound or surfactant stops their bleeding automatically. But if there is a severe bleeding, you should squeeze the wound with a clean bandage or cloth, but if the blood continues to flow after pressing the wound, seek medical advice immediately.

2 - cleaning the wound:

clean the wound with flowing water, do not prefer to use soap because it is likely to irritate the wound, and if there are some dust and granules that are still in the wound and did not respond to water you can use a disinfectant disinfectant alcohol to get rid of them, Try removing them yourself but consult your doctor. Cleaning the wound and surrounding areas reduces the chances of tetanus infection, uses soap to clean the areas surrounding the wound, and you can use oxygen or iodine water. These substances can cause irritation of living cells so it is advisable not to use them directly on the wound.

3. Use antibiotic:

After cleaning the wound well, put a light layer of cream or antibiotic ointment such as: Neosporin or Polysporin. These antibiotics help keep the skin moist, Helps fight infection and allow body healing agents to work more efficiently for healing. Certain compounds in the ointments cause skin rash in some people. Once they appear, they should be immediately avoided.

4. Covering the wound:

Exposure to the air increases the speed of acclimatization, but its coverage helps to keep it clean and not exposed to harmful bacteria, you should cover with a medical adhesive (Plaster) or bandage until the full outer shell.

5. Change bandages:

Change bandages daily or when they become dirty or become wet. Many people are allergic to some types of bandages with adhesive, and you can use other non-stick types to make up for them.

6. Observe the signs of infection:

Consult your doctor immediately, if the wound does not respond to treatment or if you notice redness, swelling, hottest, prescribed from the wound.