Causes of Human Depression Part 01

Anguish after tragedies :

There is something greater than the pressure faced by man in his daily life and caused him stress and some other disorders that have a negative psychological impact.

The term "post-traumatic stress" is often referred to by specialists in psychiatry after the series of terrorist attacks on the United States of America and the consequences of panic and insecurity in human safety and safety.

This affliction is not confined to the events of the United States of America, but extends to every great tragedy or tragedy to which the human being is subjected. 
The tragedy here is different. It is not subjective or personal. It is an event whose consequences involve a large group of people at the same time. The tragedy suffers from the lack of feeling safe because of his firm belief that it is possible to repeat this event at any time, resulting in temporary psychological problems must be dealt with from a purely medical point of view.

What are the tragedies that can be exposed to humans? 
Is anything that happens to the human being and has the ability to threaten the health and safety and even the economy of a group of citizens.

Disasters or disasters are divided into two types: 

1 - Natural disasters:

It is the result of natural processes do not enter the human being earthquakes, floods and landslides and others.

2. Technological disasters:

Those that are directly related to and related to man's progress and technological progress, such as those caused by the collapse of a nuclear plant to generate electricity or fire.

Can we control such disasters to mitigate the risks? Cannot be prevented, but at least reduce them and reduce the sensitivity of the place of the event or the potential distribution of losses that may be caused by the event and this leads us to deal with any disaster in two directions:

- The first: to
predict the extent of future disaster and the risks arising from this event It is the role of scientists to provide scientific facts.

- The second premise:
relying on the first point of warning of these future disasters and this is the competence of engineers and planners.

Examples of human distress:

As we have already pointed out that there are many types of disasters that cause the human so-called "post-tragedies":
1. Earthquakes.
2. Floods.
3. Torrents.
4. Fire.
5. Aircraft crash.
6. Volcanoes.
7. Explosions of all kinds.
One of the phenomena that have been exposed to Egypt is earthquakes and floods, so let us know about these phenomena close to scientific analysis.

First earthquakes:

Are earthquakes that occur in the form of waves arising by the release of large energy from the ground, accompanied by the break of some of the rock blocks may result from these shocks cracks and flanks surface or sub-surface.

The impact of the earthquake increases at its center and the effect decreases as the distance from the center is reduced. The intensity of the earthquake is divided into 12 degrees, starting from extremely weak and very weak to very large destruction. 
The magnitude of earthquakes measured on the Richter scale is a nine-point scale that reflects the amount of energy associated with an earthquake. Each degree represents a 10-fold increase in seismic wave capacity and about 30 time’s greater energy than the lower one.

Previous tremors: They

are weak tremors that precede the basic quake, and arise as a result of the presence of weak areas in the earth's crust releases energy faster.

Subsequent tremors:

are post-quake shocks that are released from the energy stored in them.

Seismic monitoring

device: The device used in seismic monitoring is called "Seismograf" and the schematic recording we get is called "Seismogram".

Soil fluidity

means the loss of soil that is not coherent to resist during the earthquake, resulting in large movements of soil blocks or the decline and slope of buildings.

Landfall:

one of the indicators predicting the occurrence of the earthquake, and also includes the term of the meaning of the decline in some places in the soil.

Slippages and landslides

occur when intersections and joints intersect with groundwater as the water flows through these joints. If mixed with muddy layers, this leads to destructive effects whose strength is determined by the speed of these slips.

Fire:

caused by some earthquakes as a result of cutting lines of water network as well as gas and electricity lines, which either lead to heavy losses or simple.

Earthquake prediction:

Many studies have been conducted to predict earthquakes, although some have been successful, there is still much more to come to know more. There are two types of earthquake prediction, either long-term or short-term.

Long-term earthquake prediction:

by studying the seismic history of the region, whether temporal or geological, to determine the time required for the gradual storage of energy on the surface of the faults to cause an earthquake.

Short-term prediction of earthquakes in the following ways:

1. Continuous monitoring of groundwater levels.
2. Follow-up changes in the magnetic field and electrical field.
3 - Monitoring the march of the earth and its tendencies.
4. Monitoring the change in land height or decline.
5 - Follow-up tremors or earthquakes that precede the primary earthquake.

Control earthquakes:

This is not intended to prevent the impossibility of this and here the human intervention to reduce this disaster and remove the devastating effects that follow. 
One of the methods used by specialists and scientists is to inject water under high pressure along the level of the fault. 
Although the water facilitates the slide process, the severe stress caused by the crack level reverses the earthquake pressure, which reduces seismic activity. 

The continuous and slow explosions on active faults lead to the release of elastic stresses before they are assembled and launched in the form of a strong earthquake. 
Since most of the faults disappear underground, this makes the control of the earthquake not easy.
How to mitigate the effects of destructive earthquakes:
1 - the use of earthquake-resistant construction systems.
2. The foundations of buildings should be strong and thick.
3 - The buildings should be light, with good walls and walls.
4 - Take care of the strength of construction in the lower floors because they are more vulnerable to sabotage.
5 - Exploitation of water barriers and rock cavities, which reduce the intensity of the vibration waves that precede the earthquake.
6 - To identify the nature of the soil when earthquakes occur.
7 - Not to build on the places under the rocky hills because the vibration waves lead to the rapid collapse of these lagoons.
8 - Not to build on the places where the joints and cracks and groundwater.
9 - Compulsory insurance of buildings against the risk of earthquakes.